English
a

Inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu, nk'igice cy'imitako y'inyuma n'iy'imbere y'inyubako, bigira uruhare runini mu guhuza ubwiza bw'inyubako no mu miterere myiza y'imbere bitewe n'amabara yazo, imiterere yazo, n'ingano y'urusobe rw'inkuta.
Imiterere y'inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu irimo ibintu byinshi nk'amabara, imiterere, n'ingano y'urukuta rw'imbere.
(1) Ibara
Guhitamo amabara ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mitako y'inyubako. Hari amabara atandukanye y'ibirahure n'imiterere ikoreshwa mu nzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu. Imiterere ya aluminiyumu ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya ubuso nko gusiga amavuta, gusiga amavuta, gusiga ifu, gusiga amarangi, no gucapa ibinyampeke by'ibiti. Muri byo, amabara y'imiterere akorwa no gusiga amavuta ni make, akunze kuba arimo umweru w'ifeza, umuringa, n'umukara; Hari amabara menshi n'imiterere y'ubuso bwo guhitamo mu gusiga amarangi ya elegitoroniki, gusiga ifu, no gusiga amarangi ya aluminiyumu; Ikoranabuhanga ryo gucapa ibinyampeke by'ibiti rishobora gukora imiterere itandukanye nk'ibiti n'ibinyampeke bya granite ku buso bw'imiterere; Imiterere ya aluminiyumu ishyushye ishobora gushushanya inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu mu mabara atandukanye imbere no hanze.
Ibara ry'ikirahure rikorwa ahanini n'irangi ry'ibirahure n'iry'ibirahure, kandi guhitamo amabara nabyo ni byinshi cyane. Binyuze mu guhuza neza amabara y'imiterere n'irangi ry'ibirahure, hashobora gukorwa irangi ryiza cyane kandi rifite amabara menshi kugira ngo rihuze n'ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gushushanya inyubako.
Uruvange rw'amabara y'inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mitako y'imbere n'imbere y'inyubako. Mu guhitamo amabara, ni ngombwa gusuzuma neza ibintu nk'imiterere n'intego by'inyubako, imiterere y'amabara y'imbere y'inyubako, ibisabwa mu mitako y'imbere, n'igiciro cy'inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu, mu gihe bihuzwa n'ibidukikije biyikikije.
(2) Imitako
Inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu bifite imiterere itandukanye y'imbere bishobora gutegurwa hakurikijwe ibyo inyubako zikeneye, nko kuba zirambuye, zipfunyitse, zigoramye, nibindi.
Mu gushushanya igishushanyo mbonera cy’inzugi n’amadirishya bya aluminiyumu, ni ngombwa kandi gusuzuma neza imikoranire n’imiterere y’imbere n’imitako y’imbere y’inyubako, ndetse n’uburyo ikorwa n’ikiguzi cy’ubuhanga.
Imiterere n'ibirahure bigomba guhindurwa kugira ngo bikosorwe ku nzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu bikosowe. Iyo hakoreshejwe ikirahure cyihariye, bizatuma ibirahure bigabanuka kandi bivunike cyane mu gihe cyose inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu bikosowe, bigira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa risanzwe ry'inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu. Igiciro cyabyo kiri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu bikosowe. Byongeye kandi, iyo inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu bikeneye gufungurwa, ntibigomba gushushanywa nk'inzugi n'amadirishya bikosowe.
(3) Ingano y'urusobe rw'urukuta rw'imbere
Uburyo inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu bishyirwa mu buryo buhagaze buratandukanye cyane, ariko haracyariho amategeko n'amahame amwe n'amwe.
Mu gushushanya imbere y'inyubako, ingaruka rusange z'inyubako zigomba kuzirikanwa kugira ngo zihuze n'ibisabwa mu bwubatsi, nko gutandukanya ukuri n'ubuhanga, ingaruka z'urumuri n'igicucu, uburinganire, n'ibindi;
Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa kuzuza ibisabwa mu mikorere y'urumuri rw'inyubako, guhumeka, kubungabunga ingufu, no kubona ibintu hashingiwe ku ntera y'icyumba n'uburebure bw'inzu. Ni ngombwa kandi kugena neza imikorere y'imashini, ikiguzi, n'umusaruro w'ibikoresho by'ibirahuri by'inzugi n'amadirishya.

b

Ibintu bikwiye kwitabwaho mu gushushanya imiyoboro y'imbere ni ibi bikurikira.
① Ingaruka z'ubuso bw'inyubako
Gutandukanya igice cy'imbere bigomba kugira amategeko amwe n'amwe kandi bigagaragaza impinduka. Mu gihe cy'impinduka, gushaka amategeko kandi ubucucike bw'imirongo igabanyamo ibice bugomba kuba bukwiye; intera iringaniye n'ingano iringaniye birerekana ubukana n'icyubahiro; intera iringaniye n'umuvuduko w'itsinda ryigenga bigaragaza umuvuduko, ubuzima, n'imbaraga.
Dukurikije ibikenewe, ishobora gushushanywa nk'inzugi n'amadirishya byigenga, ndetse n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'inzugi n'amadirishya bivanze cyangwa inzugi n'amadirishya. Imirongo y'urukuta itambitse y'inzugi n'amadirishya ya aluminiyumu mu cyumba kimwe no ku rukuta rumwe igomba gushyirwa ku murongo umwe utambitse, kandi imirongo ihagaze igomba gushyirwa ku murongo uko bishoboka kose.
Ni byiza kudashyiraho imirongo y'urukuta itambitse mu murongo munini w'uburebure bw'aho umuntu areba (1.5 ~ 1.8m) kugira ngo wirinde kubangamira umurongo w'aho umuntu areba. Mu gihe ugabanya ubuso bw'imbere, ni ngombwa gusuzuma uburyo igipimo cy'ubuso gihuzwa.
Ku gikoresho kimwe cy'ikirahure, igipimo cy'ubuso kigomba kuba cyashushanyijwe hafi y'igipimo cya zahabu, kandi ntikigomba kuba cyashushanyijwe nk'urukiramende cyangwa uruziga rugufi rufite igipimo cy'ubuso cya 1:2 cyangwa kirenzeho.
② Imirimo y'ubwubatsi n'ibikenewe mu mitako
Agace gatanga umwuka n'urumuri rw'inzugi n'amadirishya bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa n'amategeko, ariko kandi byujuje igipimo cy'ubuso bw'amadirishya n'urukuta, imbere y'inyubako, n'ibisabwa mu mitako y'imbere kugira ngo inyubako ikoreshe ingufu neza. Muri rusange bigenwa n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako hashingiwe ku bisabwa bifatika.
③ Imiterere y'imashini
Ingano y'urusobe rw'inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu ntigomba kugenwa gusa hakurikijwe ibyo inyubako zikeneye n'imitako, ahubwo inagomba kuzirikana ibintu nk'imbaraga z'ibice by'urugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu, amabwiriza y'umutekano ku birahure, n'ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo.
Iyo hari itandukaniro hagati y'ingano y'urukuta ikwiye y'abubatsi n'imiterere y'imashini z'inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu, uburyo bukurikira bushobora gufatwa kugira ngo bikemurwe: guhindura ingano y'urukuta; Guhindura ibikoresho byatoranijwe; Gufata ingamba zijyanye no gukomeza.
④ Igipimo cy'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho
Ingano y’umwimerere y’ibicuruzwa bya buri ruganda rw’ibirahure iratandukanye. Muri rusange, ubugari bw’ikirahure cy’umwimerere ni metero 2.1 ~ 2.4 naho uburebure bukaba metero 3.3 ~ 3.6. Mu gushushanya ingano y’urukuta rw’inzugi n’amadirishya bya aluminiyumu, uburyo bwo gukata bugomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku ngano y’umwimerere y’ikirahure cyatoranijwe, kandi ingano y’urukuta igomba guhindurwa mu buryo bukwiye kugira ngo ikirahure gikoreshwe neza.
⑤ Fungura fomu
Ingano y'urukuta rw'inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu, cyane cyane ingano y'umufana ufungura, na yo igengwa n'uburyo inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu bifungura.
Ingano ntarengwa y'umufana ufungura ushobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe ubwoko butandukanye bw'inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu biratandukanye, ahanini bitewe n'imiterere y'aho ushyiramo n'ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo.
Iyo hakoreshejwe inzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu bifite umutwaro wo gukurura, ubugari bw'umufana wo gufungura ntibugomba kurenza mm 750. Umufana ufunguye cyane ushobora gutuma umufana wo gufungura urugi n'amadirishya agabanuka, bigatuma gufungura no gufunga bigorana.
Ubushobozi bw'ama-hinges bwo gutwara imizigo ni bwiza kurusha ubw'ama-hinges yo gukururana, bityo iyo ukoresheje ama-hinges mu guhuza ama-hinges, birashoboka gushushanya no gukora inzugi za aluminiyumu zigororotse n'imikandara y'amadirishya hamwe n'imigozi minini.
Ku nzugi n'amadirishya bya aluminiyumu binyerera, niba ingano y'umufana wo gufungura ari munini cyane kandi uburemere bw'umufana burenze ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bw'umukandara, hashobora no kugorana gufungura.
Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gushushanya imbere y’inzugi n’amadirishya bya aluminiyumu, ni ngombwa kandi kugena uburebure n’ubugari byemewe by’urugi n’idirishya hashingiwe ku buryo inzugi n’amadirishya bya aluminiyumu bifunguka hamwe n’ibikoresho byatoranijwe, binyuze mu kubara cyangwa gupima.
⑥ Igishushanyo mbonera cyakozwe n'abantu
Uburebure bw'aho ushyiramo n'aho ibice by'urugi n'amadirishya bifungurira kandi bigafunga bigomba kuba byoroshye gukoreshwa.
Ubusanzwe, umukingo w'idirishya uba uri hagati ya metero 1.5 na 1.65 uvuye ku butaka burangiye, naho umukingo w'umuryango uba uri hagati ya metero 1 na 1.1 uvuye ku butaka burangiye.

Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-02-2024